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Search the School of Mathematical SciencesPeople matching "+Epidemiology"Courses matching "+Epidemiology" |
Mathematical epidemiology: Stochastic models and their statistical calibration  Mathematical models are increasingly used to inform governmental policy-makers on issues that
threaten human health or which have an adverse impact on the economy. It is this real-world success
combined with the wide variety of interesting mathematical problems which arise that makes
mathematical epidemiology one of the most exciting topics in applied mathematics. During the
summer school, you will be introduced to mathematical epidemiology and some fundamental theory
required for studying and parametrising stochastic models of infection dynamics, which will provide an
ideal basis for addressing key research questions in this area; several such questions will be
introduced and explored in this course. Topics:
An introduction to mathematical epidemiology
Discrete-time and continuous-time discrete-state stochastic infection models
Numerical methods for studying stochastic infection models: EXPOKIT, transforms and their inversion
Methods for simulating stochastic infection models: classical (Gillespie) algorithm, more efficient exact
and approximate algorithms
Methods for parameterising stochastic infection models: frequentist approaches, Bayesian
approaches, approximate Bayesian computation
Optimal observation of stochastic infection models
More about this course... |
Events matching "+Epidemiology" |
Counting fish 13:10 Wed 19 Mar, 2008 :: Napier 210 :: Mr Jono Tuke
Media...How often have you asked yourself: "I wonder how many fish
are in that lake?" Probably never, but if you ever did, then this is the
lecture for you. The solution is easy (Seuss, 1960), but raises the
question of how good the answer is. I will answer this by looking at
confidence intervals.
In the lecture, I will discuss what a confidence interval is and how to
calculate it using techniques for calculating probabilities in poker. I will
also look at how these ideas have been used in epidemiology, the study
of disease, to estimate the number of people with diabetes.
[1] Seuss, Dr. (1960). "One Fish Two Fish Red Fish Blue Fish". Random
House Books.
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Mathematical epidemiology with a focus on households 15:10 Fri 23 Apr, 2010 :: Napier G04 :: Dr Joshua Ross :: University of Adelaide
Mathematical models are now used routinely to inform national and global policy-makers on issues that threaten human health or which have an adverse impact on the economy. In the first part of this talk I will provide an overview of mathematical epidemiology starting with the classical deterministic model and leading to some of the current challenges. I will then present some of my recently published work which provides computationally-efficient methods for studying a mathematical model incorporating household structure. We will conclude by briefly discussing some "work-in-progess" which utilises these methods to address the issues of inference, and mixing pattern and contact structure, for emerging infections. |
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Optimal experimental design for stochastic population models 15:00 Wed 1 Jun, 2011 :: 7.15 Ingkarni Wardli :: Dr Dan Pagendam :: CSIRO, Brisbane
Markov population processes are popular models for studying a wide range of
phenomena including the spread of disease, the evolution of chemical reactions
and the movements of organisms in population networks (metapopulations). Our
ability to use these models effectively can be limited by our knowledge about
parameters, such as disease transmission and recovery rates in an epidemic.
Recently, there has been interest in devising optimal experimental designs for
stochastic models, so that practitioners can collect data in a manner that
maximises the precision of maximum likelihood estimates of the parameters for
these models. I will discuss some recent work on optimal design for a variety
of population models, beginning with some simple one-parameter models where the
optimal design can be obtained analytically and moving on to more complicated
multi-parameter models in epidemiology that involve latent states and
non-exponentially distributed infectious periods. For these more complex
models, the optimal design must be arrived at using computational methods and we
rely on a Gaussian diffusion approximation to obtain analytical expressions for
Fisher's information matrix, which is at the heart of most optimality criteria
in experimental design. I will outline a simple cross-entropy algorithm that
can be used for obtaining optimal designs for these models. We will also
explore the improvements in experimental efficiency when using the optimal
design over some simpler designs, such as the design where observations are
spaced equidistantly in time. |
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Infectious diseases modelling: from biology to public health policy 15:10 Fri 24 Aug, 2012 :: B.20 Ingkarni Wardli :: Dr James McCaw :: The University of Melbourne
Media...The mathematical study of human-to-human transmissible pathogens has
established itself as a complementary methodology to the traditional
epidemiological approach. The classic susceptible--infectious--recovered
model paradigm has been used to great effect to gain insight into the
epidemiology of endemic diseases such as influenza and pertussis, and
the emergence of novel pathogens such as SARS and pandemic influenza.
The modelling paradigm has also been taken within the host and used to
explain the within-host dynamics of viral (or bacterial or parasite)
infections, with implications for our understanding of infection,
emergence of drug resistance and optimal drug-interventions.
In this presentation I will provide an overview of the mathematical
paradigm used to investigate both biological and epidemiological
infectious diseases systems, drawing on case studies from influenza,
malaria and pertussis research. I will conclude with a summary of how
infectious diseases modelling has assisted the Australian government in
developing its pandemic preparedness and response strategies.
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Multi-scale models of evolutionary epidemiology: where is HIV going? 14:00 Fri 19 Oct, 2012 :: Napier 205 :: Dr Lorenzo Pellis :: The University of Warwick
An important component of pathogen evolution at the population level is evolution within hosts, which can alter the composition of genotypes available for transmission as infection progresses. I will present a deterministic multi-scale model, linking the within-host competition dynamics with the transmission dynamics at a population level. I will take HIV as an example of how this framework can help clarify the conflicting evolutionary pressure an infectious disease might be subject to. |
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The effects of pre-existing immunity 15:10 Fri 7 Mar, 2014 :: B.18 Ingkarni Wardli :: Associate Professor Jane Heffernan :: York University, Canada
Media...Immune system memory, also called immunity, is gained as a result of primary infection or vaccination, and can be boosted after vaccination or secondary infections. Immunity is developed so that the immune system is primed to react and fight a pathogen earlier and more effectively in secondary infections. The effects of memory, however, on pathogen propagation in an individual host (in-host) and a population (epidemiology) are not well understood. Mathematical models of infectious diseases, employing dynamical systems, computer simulation and bifurcation analysis, can provide projections of pathogen propagation, show outcomes of infection and help inform public health interventions. In the Modelling Infection and Immunity (MI^2) lab, we develop and study biologically informed mathematical models of infectious diseases at both levels of infection, and combine these models into comprehensive multi-scale models so that the effects of individual immunity in a population can be determined. In this talk we will discuss some of the interesting mathematical phenomenon that arise in our models, and show how our results are directly applicable to what is known about the persistence of infectious diseases. |
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Use of epidemic models in optimal decision making 15:00 Thu 19 Nov, 2015 :: Ingkarni Wardli 5.57 :: Tim Kinyanjui :: School of Mathematics, The University of Manchester
Media...Epidemic models have proved useful in a number of applications in epidemiology. In this work, I will present two areas that we have used modelling to make informed decisions. Firstly, we have used an age structured mathematical model to describe the transmission of Respiratory Syncytial Virus in a developed country setting and to explore different vaccination strategies. We found that delayed infant vaccination has significant potential in reducing the number of hospitalisations in the most vulnerable group and that most of the reduction is due to indirect protection. It also suggests that marked public health benefit could be achieved through RSV vaccine delivered to age groups not seen as most at risk of severe disease. The second application is in the optimal design of studies aimed at collection of household-stratified infection data. A design decision involves making a trade-off between the number of households to enrol and the sampling frequency. Two commonly used study designs are considered: cross-sectional and cohort. The search for an optimal design uses Bayesian methods to explore the joint parameter-design space combined with Shannon entropy of the posteriors to estimate the amount of information for each design. We found that for the cross-sectional designs, the amount of information increases with the sampling intensity while the cohort design often exhibits a trade-off between the number of households sampled and the intensity of follow-up. Our results broadly support the choices made in existing data collection studies. |
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Transmission Dynamics of Visceral Leishmaniasis: designing a test and treat control strategy 12:10 Thu 29 Sep, 2016 :: EM218 :: Graham Medley :: London School of Hygiene & Tropical Medicine
Media...Visceral Leishmaniasis (VL) is targeted for elimination from the Indian Sub-Continent. Progress has been much better in some areas than others. Current control is based on earlier diagnosis and treatment and on insecticide spraying to reduce the density of the vector. There is a surprising dearth of specific information on the epidemiology of VL, which makes modelling more difficult. In this seminar, I describe a simple framework that gives some insight into the transmission dynamics. We conclude that the majority of infection comes from cases prior to diagnosis. If this is the case then, early diagnosis will be advantageous, but will require a test with high specificity. This is a paradox for many clinicians and public health workers, who tend to prioritise high sensitivity.
Medley, G.F., Hollingsworth, T.D., Olliaro, P.L. & Adams, E.R. (2015) Health-seeking, diagnostics and transmission in the control of visceral leishmaniasis. Nature 528, S102-S108 (3 December 2015), DOI: 10.1038/nature16042 |
Publications matching "+Epidemiology"Publications |
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Consumption of untreated tank rainwater and gastroenteritis among young children in South Australia Heyworth, J; Glonek, Garique; Maynard, E; Baghurst, Peter; Finlay-Jones, J, International Journal of Epidemiology 35 (1051–1058) 2006 | Does dog or cat ownership lead to increased gastroenteritis in young children in South Australia? Heyworth, J; Cutt, H; Glonek, Garique, Epidemiology and Infection 134 (926–934) 2006 | Effect of social networks on 10 year survival in very old Australians: the Australian longitudinal study of aging Giles, Lynne Catherine; Glonek, Garique; Luszcz, M; Andrews, G, Journal of Epidemiology and Community Health 59 (574–579) 2005 |
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